{"id":58,"date":"2016-05-24T13:51:53","date_gmt":"2016-05-24T11:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/?page_id=58"},"modified":"2018-11-17T19:01:37","modified_gmt":"2018-11-17T18:01:37","slug":"methodologie-dechantillonnage-sur-le-terrain-et-analyse-en-laboratoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/?page_id=58","title":{"rendered":"Echantillonnage et analyse"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0M\u00e9thodologie d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage sur le terrain et analyse en laboratoire<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-59 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IMG_1721-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_1721\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IMG_1721-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IMG_1721-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IMG_1721-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sur le terrain, <\/strong>munie d&rsquo;une brosse \u00e0 dent, de flacons et de sondes, la phase de collecte peut commencer.<\/p>\n<p>Pour chaque source, les diatom\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9es soit en brossant le bord en pierre soit en pr\u00e9levant directement les s\u00e9diments fins.<\/p>\n<p>Sur place, diff\u00e9rentes variables physico-chimiques sont mesur\u00e9es comme la conductivit\u00e9 (\u00b5S\/cm), la temp\u00e9rature (\u00b0C) et le pH (unit\u00e9 pH) \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;une sonde WTW (photo ci-contre). Ceci nous permet d&rsquo;enregistrer en m\u00eame temps les conditions \u00e9cologiques associ\u00e9es au pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement et donc de\u00a0connaitre\u00a0les conditions de vie des esp\u00e8ces de diatom\u00e9es collect\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, <em>in-situ<\/em>, un pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement d&rsquo;eau est collect\u00e9 afin de mesurer la concentration\u00a0en ions majeurs (chlorures, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, orthophosphates, sulfates, calcium, magn\u00e9sium, potassium et sodium) ainsi que les carbonates.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-61\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/prelevement-eau-300x263.jpg\" alt=\"prelevement eau\" width=\"300\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/prelevement-eau-300x263.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/prelevement-eau-768x674.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/prelevement-eau-1024x899.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-71 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mesure-chimie-2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"mesure chimie 2\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mesure-chimie-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mesure-chimie-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mesure-chimie-2-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Depuis 2018, des mesures de la radioactivit\u00e9 naturelle de l\u2019eau par spectrom\u00e9trie gamma sont effectu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-388\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1060123_vincent-1024x888.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1060123_vincent-1024x888.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1060123_vincent-300x260.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1060123_vincent-768x666.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-391 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1060119-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1060119-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1060119-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1060119-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>De retour au laboratoire<\/strong>, le pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement d&rsquo;eau est filtr\u00e9\u00a0puis analys\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un chromatographe ionique HPLC afin de mesurer la concentration en ions majeurs. La concentration en\u00a0carbonates est \u00e9galement mesur\u00e9e en utilisant un kit Hach.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-98\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110366-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"P1110366\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110366-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110366-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110366-1024x575.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-99 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110370-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"P1110370\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110370-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110370-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110370-1024x575.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pour les diatom\u00e9es, une petite partie de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon (2 ml) est trait\u00e9e avec de l&rsquo;eau oxyg\u00e9n\u00e9e pendant quelques jours puis rincer avec de l&rsquo;eau d\u00e9min\u00e9ralis\u00e9e afin de ne conserver que le frustule en silice des diatom\u00e9es et de pouvoir les observer et les identifier en passant \u00e0 la phase d&rsquo;observation au microscope optique.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-103 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110373-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"P1110373\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110373-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110373-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110373-1024x575.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-104 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110356-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"P1110356\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110356-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110356-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/P1110356-1024x575.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pour terminer, afin d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer l&rsquo;observation des diatom\u00e9es, il est possible de les analyser avec un microscope\u00a0\u00e9lectronique \u00e0 balayage mais avant, ils restent \u00e0 faire la filtration de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon trait\u00e9 et la m\u00e9tallisation des diatom\u00e9es d\u00e9pos\u00e9es sur un support.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-65 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2005-01-02-07.51.01-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"2005-01-02 07.51.01\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2005-01-02-07.51.01-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2005-01-02-07.51.01-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2005-01-02-07.51.01.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-68 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/sources-diatomees.univ-bpclermont.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2155-HA-Halamphora-sp-7-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"2155 HA Halamphora sp 7\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2155-HA-Halamphora-sp-7-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2155-HA-Halamphora-sp-7-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2155-HA-Halamphora-sp-7-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2155-HA-Halamphora-sp-7.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u00a0M\u00e9thodologie d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage sur le terrain et analyse en laboratoire Sur le terrain, munie d&rsquo;une brosse \u00e0 dent, de flacons et de sondes, la phase de collecte peut commencer. Pour chaque source, les diatom\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9es soit en brossant le bord en pierre soit en pr\u00e9levant directement les s\u00e9diments fins. Sur place, diff\u00e9rentes variables [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-58","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/58","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=58"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/58\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":396,"href":"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/58\/revisions\/396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sources-diatomees.geolab.uca.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}